Physiological differences between males and females are, Question 17. The effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system are, Question 18. Participation in physical activity for a longer duration maintains functional fitness among the aged population. walking, is reported to significantly improve flexibility. Increasing the Lung Volume and Capacity Vital capacity, which is the maximal volume of air forcefully expired after a maximal inspiration, in a normal untrained person may be 3-4 litres; but in atrained athlete this goes upto 5-6 litres. They have more haemoglobin content and VO, The respiratory functions in women lack in certain parameters related to haemoglobin content and VO. A trainer can improve the respiratory system with the help of exercise by, Question 20. Visa fronte is the consequence causing of the above effect during respiratory effort. Muscular strength This is the maximum force or tension a muscle or a muscle group can exert against a resistance; Physiologically the muscle will increase in strength only if it has to increase its workload beyond what is ordinarily required of it. ... Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. A sports physiologist ^examines the acute responses and chronic adaptations to athletic performance in a variety of environments. What is tidal volume? Regular exercise keeps the human body livelier, fitter and in better condition, thus delaying the ageing processes, as given below: Question.12. Maximising the minute ventilation Maximum minute ventilation in an untrained individual is about 100 L/min, whereas in trained athletes it increases to more than 150-160 L/min. Blood pumped by the heart in one minute is Cardiac output = heart rate × stroke volume Answer: Answer Now and help others. (Delhi 2015) In trained athletes, it may achieve a maximal output of 30 litres per minute, at an O2 uptake of 4 litres per minute but in non-athletes, the output may be average 22 litres at an O2 uptake of 3.3 litres per minute. Recall the adaptive effects that take place in our body after engaging in exercise for a longer period. Question.11. As an individual gets older, there is a decline in muscle size. There will be more stress, greater chances of injury and less flexibility. But Starling law of heart cannot hold good because modern technique claims that the diastolic size of the heart is not increased during exercise. Hence heart functions faster to increase the systemic circulation as well as the pulmonary circulation. Increase in heart rate: When an individual starts exercise, his heart rate increases as per the intensity and duration of exercise. Explain the effects of ageing on muscle size and strength. 12 L. Increasing the Pulmonary Diffusion During maximal level of exercise, more-alveoli become active for diffusion. The amount of blood pumped into the aorta with every heart beat is known as the stroke volume. Effects of Exercise on the Cardiovascular System Background Info The Circulatory System is responsible for transporting materials through the entire body. (i) Write two physiological benefits. The explanation is mostly based on the animal experimentation. “Most people say that as you get old, you have to give up things. Answer. This will depend on many factors including the environment, diet, gender, age and health. Exercise increases the plasma volume of blood by 12%, but total blood volume may reduce slightly. While a sports physiologist can test the effect of exercises in a laboratory, which has a controlled environment, it is not always possible to simulate sporting activity in a lab. Exercise is protective against metabolic syndrome, lowers blood pressure, works against blood clotting, and lowers stress, all of which contribute to improved cardiovascular health. Increase in Heart Size We cannot do the exercise on our heart directly, but when we perform any exercise regularly, our heart size increases. Effects of exercise on respiratory system. Physiology is the study of how the human body functions i.e. = 72 beats/mm × 70 mL approximately = \(=\frac{5040 \mathrm{mL}}{\min }\). This relieves pain. (All India 2017) Increase in Tidal air capacity: by doing regular exercise it has been noted that there is an increase in the amount of tidal air capacity of an individual. The effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system are, Question.14. But the hypertrophy of the heart in athletes is caused by physiological processes. This is a question and answer forum for students, teachers and general visitors for exchanging articles, answers and notes. 2. Circulatory system and the heart. Explain the effects of ageing on muscle size and strength. Write one physiological change dire to ageing. It is claimed that limb veins undergo reflex vasoconstriction during exercise thus facilitating rapid venous return to the heart. TOS4. 10. Value Based Questions The long-term effects of exercise on the circulatory system, including your heart, lungs and blood vessels, will improve your health and physical performance. actually, heart rate begins to rise before we even start exercise. Regular exercise delays the oriset of fatigue as exercise develops the fitness levels and increases – endurance thereby delaying fatigue: Question 10. The saying is correct because, by giving up your usual activities, you speed up the ageing process. This fall of intrathoracic pressure as well as increase of pressure on the anterior abdominal wall due to descent of diaphragm cause rapid return of blood into the heart. The adaptive effects that take place in body after engaging in exercise for a longer period are, Question 19. (Delhi 2016) Changes in the Gaseous Exchange. The body composition changes due to exercise by reducing the fat content of the body, thus slowing down the ageing process. The body composition changes due to exercise by reducing the fat coment of the body, thus slowing down the ageing process. What are the effects of UV radiations on human? Answer: The increase in dimension is due to an increase in the size (hot length) of individual muscle fibres. Define physiology and sports. Here we have given Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 8 Physiology and Sports. Describe the role of regular exercise on ageing process. Increase in Number and Efficiency of Capillaries Regular exercise increases the number of capillaries and their efficiency. Probably quite often. In fact, the ageing process can be slowed down by continuing your usual activities. Specify the role of physiology in exercise and sports. Justify. It is believed that this decline is due, in . (With Methods)| Industrial Microbiology, How is Cheese Made Step by Step: Principles, Production and Process, Enzyme Production and Purification: Extraction & Separation Methods | Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation of Olives: Process, Control, Problems, Abnormalities and Developments, The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Answer. Question.8. During exercise, the circulation is adjusted in such a way that the active muscles as well as the vital organs get blood supply to a greater proportion than that of the inactive organs and the non-vital organs. And finally learn about VO2 max, stroke volume, blood pressure, and many heart health benefits of exercise and training. It has been observed that the heart rater is increased slightly even before onset of exercise and it is presumably due to influence of the cerebral cortex on the medullary cardiac centre. Answer: Answer: In untrained individuals, tidal volume is about 500 mL/breath, whereas in trained persons, it is increased to 600-700 mL/breath. Answer: State the amount of blood pumped in one ventricle beat. Question.13. What are the factors which induce heart failure? The consumption of the skeletal muscle during exhaustive exercise is increased by 10 to 12 times. Question 14. What is the the effect of exercise on the cardiovascular system? If you have any query regarding Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 8 Physiology and Sports, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest. If that’s the case, go get … Many who begin a jogging routine for the first time find that they are quickly out breath; … Question.6. Answer. Answer. The cardiovascular system helps maintain homeostasis. Physiological factors determining components of physical fitness are, Question 16. Answer. What is physiology and .why is it important in sports? During inspiration the thoracic cavity is enlarged causing fall of intrathoracic pressure. Regular physical activity helps regulate insulin levels and lower blood … The lungs and pulmonary system. Question.9. Decrease in rate of respiration: When a beginner starts exercising his rate of respiration increases. 12 L. Increasing the pulmonary diffusion During maximal level of exercise, more alveoli become active for diffusion. This also slows the ageing process. Biology, Humans, Cardiovascular System, Cardiovascular System and Exercise. Chances are, you haven’t jumped rope since 4th grade recess. Venous return is greatly increased during exercise for the following reason: (a) Milking or Massaging Action of Skeletal Muscles: During exercise, the alternate contraction and relaxation of the muscle act as a booster pump for flowing blood towards the heart. Physiological factors determining components of physical fitness are. Describe the role of regular exercise on ageing process. Increasing the Ventilatory Efficiency Normally, 15 L of air is required, to get 1 L of oxygen but a trained individual gets the same amount of oxygen, i.e. His efforts were appreciated by everyone. On average, women possess 2/3rd the strength possessed by men. The adaptive effects that take place in our cardiovascular system after engaging in exercise for a longer period are. Low or medium intensity exercise e.g. The body of an adult contains about 5 to 7 L of blood which weighs 1/3 rd of the total body weight. The size of the alveoli is also increased, which provides more space for diffusion of gases such as oxygen (o2) and carbon dioxide(co2). In untrained individuals, tidal volume is about 500 mL/breath, whereas in trained persons, it is increased to 600-700 mL/breath. 5. se Heart Rate: During exercise heart rate se normally 72 to 180+ during un aerobic activities. This article provides information on different exercises and their impact on the human body. (ii) If old people do not maintain their physical fitness then they can become obese, unhealthy as the internal systems will not work properly. But the time is variable from individual to individual and even with different degrees of work load. Answer: Physical activity in the form of stimulus to the 22. muscle plays a significant role in the fibre type distribution with advancing age. It means that exercise decreases the LDL (bad cholesterol) and increase HDL (good cholesterol)Faster adaptation to workload: Due to the regular exercise, the heart can adapt to working load quickly i.e. Exercise strengthens the musculoskeletal systems, thereby preventing the joints from stiffening in one position. (Delhi2016) II. Deivi Short-term effects on cardiovascular system would be increased: Heart rate will continue to rise in direct proportion to the intensity of exercise until maximum heart rate is achieved. Studies show that regular exercise has the ability to increase the … How much blood is found in a normal human being? In this lecture, we’re going to focus on the cardiovascular responses to exercise. The amount of blood pumped into the aorta with every heartbeat is known as the stroke volume. Explain the effects of ageing on fat, lean body weight and BMR. Question 1. Meet the lungs. The first one is an improved condition of your heart. Blood pumped by the heart in one minute is This is essential to understand how to attain physical fitness in order to enhance the performance in sports/, Question 13. 6. se the temprature of blood Normally the temp. Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 8 Physiology and Sports is part of Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions. Such fundamental changes in the control and function of the cardiovascular system post-training, or even simply post-exercise, may have substantial practical implications. With advancing age, there is an increasing trend to accumulate fat because the ability to release stored fatty acids from adipose tissues for energy decreases. Answer. Question 23. Body Composition Changes The body fat content of sedentary subjects (men and women) is significantly higher than their physically active counterparts. Answer: Question 8. During exercise the blood flow in the active muscle, lung, heart is increased, but the same in the abdominal organ, kidneys and in the skin; (initially) is greatly decreased due to compensatory vasoconstriction. Question.4. Answer: Women’s bones and ligaments are not strong, but they have a wider pelvis and lower centre of gravity that provides better balance. During exercise sudden lack of O2 caused the increased accumulation of CO2, lactic acid, adenosine, intracellular K+ and histamine. In an untrained male, it is 70-90 mL/beat. Exercise physiology is the study of how exercise alters the function and structure of the body. Mr Ram, a retired person, was regular at district park every morning. Answer: Answer: I think you get old because you give up things.” Give your opinion what you think about this with the help of physiological changes due to ageing. How the muscular system of males and females are different? Site Navigation. 1 Mark Questions This is the reason why people are motivated to play sports as there are lot of physiological benefits? Calculate how much blood is pumped by the heart in one minute. Answer: Thus hypertrophied athletic heart is more powerful, efficient and capable of greater increase in stroke volume but the dilated diseased heart is less efficient and has a limited capacity for work. Exercise improves flexibility by strengthening the musculoskeletal systems, thereby preventing the stiffening of joints. Weight of the normal adult heart is 250-300 gm. Regular exercise keeps the human body livelier, fitter and in better condition, thus delaying the ageing processes, as given below. 3 Marks Questions Increasing the lung volume and capacity Vital capacity, which is the maximal volume of air forcefully expired after a maximal inspiration, in a normal untrained person may be 3-4 litres, but in a trained athlete this goes up to 5-6 litres. The vascular endothelium consists of a monolayer of cells that line all the internal surfaces of cardiovascular system and plays a critical role in regulation of vascular homeostasis . Stroke volume amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle by each beat increases, because of intensive exercise. The passages in the nose, windpipe (trachea), bronchi, lungs and air sacs are the main organs of the respiratory system. The cardiovascular response to exercise has intrigued physiologists for many years and has led to a great effort to unravel the mechanisms of circulation changes as well as the role of the nervous system adjustments in various intensities of work. This results in increase of blood flow in the blood vessels, which in turn, lowers the risk of building up of plaque which affects the heart. Explain the redistribution of blood flow in our body during rest and during exercise. A trainer can improve the respiratory system with the help of exercise by : Physical EducationNCERT SolutionsRD Sharma Solutions. What is ‘stroke volume’? Answer: Privacy Policy3. It applies the concept of exercise physiology to training the athlete and enhancing the athlete’s sports performance. Read about factors that mediate these cardiovascular responses to exercise and how blood flows or pools causing different exercise experiences. Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular System 1. Men are stronger than women because they have greater muscle mass. Hence, regular exercise reduces the risk of heart diseases. The bones and ligaments attached to the muscles are stronger in males than in females. In fact, the ageing process can be slowed down by continuing your usual activities. As people get old and the muscle size decreases, there is a parallel decrease in muscular strength. Answer. Describe physiological factors determining components of physical fitness. 7.113). Question.5. As the work load of the heart is increased tremendously during exercise, the coronary flow is increased accordingly to its own nourishment, otherwise hypoxia may prevail. There is controversial opinion regarding the Bainbridge reflex. Increases the Respiratory Rate. an increasing trend to accumulate fat because the ability to release ‘ stored fatty adds from adipose tissues for energy decreases. It has two limits, i.e. Any changes to heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output are determined by the intensity and duration of exercise.
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