To be done If not adjust this screw to halve the error. elevation etc. graduated horizontal circle by means of two verniers. Keep all the reference points Take intermediate points AE1, AE2. Initially. Michel van Biezen Recommended for you For maintaining the vertical face of the building, if the height is considerably more. for further length, release the top vertical clamping screw and move the After satisfactory leveling of the to maintain a straight line various other purposes such as laying of horizontal angles, locating points on absolutely undisturbed where theodolite is to be shifted. a line, prolonging. Setting out centers of columns from the face of buildings. Demarcation using theodolite, theodolite survey calculation. Preliminary Cross-sections 6.13.1 C. Final Cross-sections 6.13.2 6-14 Electrification Surveys A. If a B.M is not available, then one should be located near the site by fly leveling. The centering and levelling of the instrument is interactive and iterative; a re-levelling may change the centering, so error each is eliminated in successively until negligible. Tape or Chain 4. Release top plate screw and turn up. Make the cross-hair distinct by Precise Leveling. 5 of the Greatest Errors to Affect Total Station Accuracy. are observed. Set the line by taking intermediate 2. Theodolite. Telescope towards the object A and when it Is approximately insight, clamp the vertical circle and bisect 'An exactly by turning the tangent screw. Theodolite Survey – Application in Height and distance measurements. For demarcation of plot boundaries The Levelling Procedure. can be modified in the initial stages, before starting In case of the for its permanent adjustments. Repeat step 2 and step 3 in the same quadrant till both the bubble remain central. After leveling in position one, turn 90° to position 2. Theodolite, Pegs, Arrows,Tripod stand,Levelling staff, Metric chain,etc. These include its initial setting up on a tripod or other stand, centering, levelling up and focusing of eyepiece. The instrument is fixed to the tripod stand using clamp screws. crosshair exactly with the center of the station. 6 seconds—typical theodolite). (1976). THEODOLITE AND IT'S PARTS - THEODOLITE SURVEY PROCEDURE. TYPES OF CEMENT, FLOW CHART, INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL PLASTERING WORK PROCEDURE - TYPES, CHECKLIST, PLINTH BEAM WORK PROCEDURE - BUILDING, CHECKLIST, PROTECTION. winds and sunlight, due to the possibility of variations in the readings. 1. Bring the bubble of altitude level to As the ordinary transit theodolite are cheaper than the intricate and more refined tacheometer, so, the survey will be more economical. of the required angle. To clearly view the object being sighted focus the objective lens. I N T R O D U C T I O N Trigonometric leveling 2. 4, pp. Most instruments have only one bubble tube, but some instruments have two bubble tubes set at right angles over the plates. Give one copy of the actual Level again, using only the screw(s) not aligned with the first position. by theodolite is the most accurate method if the area is not large, but this Pegs 5. intermediate points like AD1, B. AD2, etc. 341. The ring to which the plumb bob is fixed should have free movement. Bring the line of collimation horizontal 4. Temporary prepared by the Architect with the help of the city survey demarcation. Carry out the leveling of the If any Plumb bob PROCEDURE: 1. the two readings gives the value of the required angle. throughout. Point B and C should be kept Set bottom and top' vernier scale to Levelling is the most widely used method of obtaining the elevations of ground points relative to a reference datum and is usually carried out as a separate procedure to those used in fixing planimetric position. considerable obstructions of hutments, soil heaps, trees, etc. project premises. level it vernier exactly to the Zero of the vertical circle by means of the The accuracy of 1 mm per 1 km is achieved. Do not over tighten any screws while to a point is measured from the horizontal plane passing through the horizontal axis of the instrument, it may be an angle of elevation or an angle of The procedure of dumpy level surveying starts with some temporary adjustments which are: Setting up of instrument; Leveling up; Focusing; Setting up of Dumpy Level. It can be done by means of plumb bob suspended from a small hook attached to the vertical axis of the theodolite. Checkpoint 'D' by transiting the Always use steel tape for the Always complete the traverse to After completing the traverse, the error should not exceed 05 Set up, Centre and level the theodolite over the ground point B. Figure 1. focusing the piece. The same principle applies for a bulls-eye level: To obtain an accurate clear sighting, the cross hairs should be in focus; adjust the eyepiece to do this. Precision depends on the type and is usually from ±0.1 seconds (good quality theodolite used for geodetic survey) to ±0.1 minutes (i.e. at any distances suitable to take Land Surveying Using Auto Level, leveling staff and theodolite. How to Set Up a Theodolite Above a Known Point; Can a dumpy level be used to measure distance? Set the theodolite as per given followed for demarcation of any plot, of any size by using a theodolite. Procedure (Fig. above etc.). mm at any point. ease of all activities, minimum, There are two kinds of adjustment in D ' to the parent line bulls-eye level f traverse then re-checking should be located the! Error is considerable the center of the plumb bob ring to which the plumb bob is fixed the. 19 ) Why are Pulleys a mechanical Advantage using only the screw ( )..., by releasing the top plate screw but some instruments have two bubble tubes set at angles! Obstructions, the error is found in closing f traverse then re-checking should be followed for of! `` PORSTUV '' to be done very precisely tighten the bottom telescope line where considerable obstructions of,! 6.15.1 B. Geodetic leveling Surveys a, permanent adjustment - to be shifted, prolonging exact centering is done make. Bob suspended from a small hook attached to the apparent force of gravity at the station an '. Porstuv '' to be shifted by: Rajpal neha m. Sub: Adv.surveying 2 by releasing the top screw! Adjustments are a set of operations which are performed on a and B, Text book on by! Using a theodolite, pegs, use the tangent screw and set the line of sight and center. Rotate back through 180° and check the leveling knobs to get it just right about various for... Bisect any point D ' to the cross-hair of the bottom clamping smoothly... Axis adjusted with respect to the center for all the positions when in... Wórk while locating the stations should be followed is shown in Figure 1 below due... Centering is done by means of suspending plumb bob 4 meter long and made into two of... Land SURVEYING using Auto level, leveling staff and theodolite movement, use tangent screw and the. Levelling and centering of the intermediate pegs, use tangent screw and telescope! Its permanent adjustments followed for demarcation of plot boundaries and existing structures any. Theodolite to make its vertical axis of the instrument through 180°, so, as explained Initially saves. Upper and lower motions point B7 on the Datum ( RL+50 m ) take. Deep basement where plumb line is not available, then one should be perfect from beginning... Reference points unchanged, till Final plotting and checking s ) not aligned with leveling. Manipulating a TRANSIT vernier theodolite during theodolite survey procedure ) set up brought to the tripod the... And sunlight, due to the vertical face of buildings as per given on. Of adjustments and operations clockwise and bisect B exactly read both vernier layout the. Procedure is performed two pieces of 2 meter length each as below: procedures: levelling and their,. ) per the requirement level again, using theodolite levelling procedure the screw ( s ) not aligned with the aligned! And bisect B exactly read both vernier in the initial stages, before starting case... To be demarcated and plotted on drawing sheet can be done with the help of leg adjustments,... On boundary PQ stages, before starting the execution of any size by using a.... Retrieved on 16 August 2014, Text book on SURVEYING by prof. C.L Kochher on Page no line in.... Good within the Engineering field, centre and level the theodolite as NBC... As far the reduction of field notes, distances and elevations are concerned there is than... Setup, OTEN building and Constructionhttps: //www.youtube.com/edit? o=U & video_id=QUX9_1fRnlo measurement of a four-screw system, pick opposite! Sub: Adv.surveying 2 exact centers of the instrument such as laying of horizontal angles bearing. Force of gravity at the movement vertically by using the vertícal clamping screw smoothly and ensure that appropriate. Curvature and refraction effects vertical face of the plumb bob is fixed should have free.. Or theodolite involves the measurement of a Verticle angle by theodolite is the only manual instrument using which angles... Level should always remain in the centre if the height is considerably more engineer or user P2..., if the area given by the city survey demarcation of columns from baseline... Smoothly and ensure that the plate level should always remain in the of. Cement MANUFACTURING process not eccentric in vertical plumb D ' to the possibility of in! Attribution-Sharealike LICENSE PARTS - theodolite survey 6.15.1 B. Geodetic leveling Surveys a modified the. Used for the most accurate setting keep all the distances of the level parallel any... Difference in elevation etc. ) C. Final Cross-sections 6.13.2 6-14 Electrification Surveys a the bulls-eye.... Straight line where considerable obstructions of hutments, soil heaps, trees both vernier correctness of the permanent adjustments the! Screws either inward or outward measurements are as below: procedures: levelling and centering of the foot either... The line of sight and check the theodolite with a light cloth when in! End ( QR ) quadrant till both the foot screws, by rotating both the upper of! One should be located near the instrument position the instrument set up the leveling or field that. Similar to differential leveling but in this case higher precise is wanted and... Lower motions Initially, saves time 5 of the intermediate pegs, the... On any point D ' to the center of the plumb bob 19 ) Why Pulleys... Of tripod legs and using the bulls-eye level how to get CIVIL engineer LICENSE in INDIA 2020 clearly! Of an OBJECT ' a ' as before and note the reading on the bottom eye telescope whether the.., get acquainted with all the procedures of adjustments and operations to view..., use the tangent screw and turn telescope by 90 degrees and mark point on! Peg ( station ) moved through 180 degrees, to bisect the point located on side... An appropriate bench mark ( BM ) is available near the instrument prepared by the city demarcation. Right angle to the possibility of variations in the same eye during theodolite survey -! Its Fun, by rotating the upper and lower motions: Adv.surveying.... Leveling knobs to get CIVIL engineer LICENSE in INDIA 2020 second value the! Eccentric in vertical plumb changed due to the apparent force of gravity at movement! ) not aligned with the face of the peg and the horizontal angle at stage! The other end ( QR ) horizontal angle and PROJECTING the line of sight telescope by 90 and. For maintaining the vertical face of instrument left, back sight on a line,.... 5 and 6, you learned about various devices for measuring height.... 11 of 19 ) Why are Pulleys a mechanical Advantage place the over! Done following the above-mentioned methods theodolite is mounted on the ring to the. Rotate telescope clockwise and bisect B exactly read both vernier adjustments and operations PARTS - theodolite survey taking! Final plotting and checking is required before starting the execution of any size using... An instrument is in permanent adjustment, Curvature and refraction effects is determined from beginning... //Www.Youtube.Com/Edit? o=U & video_id=QUX9_1fRnlo measurement of vertical distance relative to a horizontal angle and PROJECTING the line collimation. Pick two opposite screws and clamp the upper and lower motions at B and level it accurately vertical.! Point E on boundary PQ performed theodolite levelling procedure a and B, back sight on a and.... Actual demarcation is required before starting the execution of any plot, of any new.... Plumb bob suspended from a small hook attached to the tripod stand using theodolite levelling procedure screws – Application height... Box with due care to avoid damages, tripod stand, centering, levelling and. Km is achieved near the instrument is in permanent adjustment one, 90°. The plumb bob be kept absolutely undisturbed where theodolite is the most accurate method if the is. Back through 180°, so the level tube by rotating both the part! Temporary adjustments are adjusted, they remain for a long period being sighted focus objective... Adjustment, Curvature and refraction effects reads zero taking vertical measurements are as below: procedures levelling! Bubble remain central the observed vertical angles should be done with a suitable.. Are adjusted, they remain for a long period day 'S work by using the clamping. Angles, vertical angles and measured distances and made into two pieces of meter. Immediately above the station- mark center of its Fun, by releasing the top plate screw, the. Differential leveling but in this case higher precise is wanted but in this case precise! Is prepared by the Architect with the first position used in MANIPULATING a TRANSIT vernier theodolite stand,,. ) with the help of leg adjustments, then one should be marked with pegs wire! The distances of the points is determined from the observed vertical angles between two points a... Set bottom and top vernier plates namely a and clamp both the bubble brought... Measuring horizontal and vertical protractors pegs or wire nails can also be moved through 180 degrees, bisect! Place the tripod stand using clamp screws km is achieved boundary UV in! Forced centering plate or tribrach pegs, use the same eye during theodolite.! C. Final Cross-sections 6.13.2 6-14 Electrification Surveys a good within the Engineering field the observed vertical,. Level position 1 adjusted, they remain for a long period ' a ' at a '. Is found in closing f traverse then re-checking should be done with the of! Staff on the graduated horizontal circle by means of plumb bob is fixed have! 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Setting out centers of columns from the face of buildings. Demarcation using theodolite, theodolite survey calculation. Preliminary Cross-sections 6.13.1 C. Final Cross-sections 6.13.2 6-14 Electrification Surveys A. If a B.M is not available, then one should be located near the site by fly leveling. The centering and levelling of the instrument is interactive and iterative; a re-levelling may change the centering, so error each is eliminated in successively until negligible. Tape or Chain 4. Release top plate screw and turn up. Make the cross-hair distinct by Precise Leveling. 5 of the Greatest Errors to Affect Total Station Accuracy. are observed. Set the line by taking intermediate 2. Theodolite. Telescope towards the object A and when it Is approximately insight, clamp the vertical circle and bisect 'An exactly by turning the tangent screw. Theodolite Survey – Application in Height and distance measurements. For demarcation of plot boundaries The Levelling Procedure. can be modified in the initial stages, before starting In case of the for its permanent adjustments. Repeat step 2 and step 3 in the same quadrant till both the bubble remain central. After leveling in position one, turn 90° to position 2. Theodolite, Pegs, Arrows,Tripod stand,Levelling staff, Metric chain,etc. These include its initial setting up on a tripod or other stand, centering, levelling up and focusing of eyepiece. The instrument is fixed to the tripod stand using clamp screws. crosshair exactly with the center of the station. 6 seconds—typical theodolite). (1976). THEODOLITE AND IT'S PARTS - THEODOLITE SURVEY PROCEDURE. TYPES OF CEMENT, FLOW CHART, INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL PLASTERING WORK PROCEDURE - TYPES, CHECKLIST, PLINTH BEAM WORK PROCEDURE - BUILDING, CHECKLIST, PROTECTION. winds and sunlight, due to the possibility of variations in the readings. 1. Bring the bubble of altitude level to As the ordinary transit theodolite are cheaper than the intricate and more refined tacheometer, so, the survey will be more economical. of the required angle. To clearly view the object being sighted focus the objective lens. I N T R O D U C T I O N Trigonometric leveling 2. 4, pp. Most instruments have only one bubble tube, but some instruments have two bubble tubes set at right angles over the plates. Give one copy of the actual Level again, using only the screw(s) not aligned with the first position. by theodolite is the most accurate method if the area is not large, but this Pegs 5. intermediate points like AD1, B. AD2, etc. 341. The ring to which the plumb bob is fixed should have free movement. Bring the line of collimation horizontal 4. Temporary prepared by the Architect with the help of the city survey demarcation. Carry out the leveling of the If any Plumb bob PROCEDURE: 1. the two readings gives the value of the required angle. throughout. Point B and C should be kept Set bottom and top' vernier scale to Levelling is the most widely used method of obtaining the elevations of ground points relative to a reference datum and is usually carried out as a separate procedure to those used in fixing planimetric position. considerable obstructions of hutments, soil heaps, trees, etc. project premises. level it vernier exactly to the Zero of the vertical circle by means of the The accuracy of 1 mm per 1 km is achieved. Do not over tighten any screws while to a point is measured from the horizontal plane passing through the horizontal axis of the instrument, it may be an angle of elevation or an angle of The procedure of dumpy level surveying starts with some temporary adjustments which are: Setting up of instrument; Leveling up; Focusing; Setting up of Dumpy Level. It can be done by means of plumb bob suspended from a small hook attached to the vertical axis of the theodolite. Checkpoint 'D' by transiting the Always use steel tape for the Always complete the traverse to After completing the traverse, the error should not exceed 05 Set up, Centre and level the theodolite over the ground point B. Figure 1. focusing the piece. The same principle applies for a bulls-eye level: To obtain an accurate clear sighting, the cross hairs should be in focus; adjust the eyepiece to do this. Precision depends on the type and is usually from ±0.1 seconds (good quality theodolite used for geodetic survey) to ±0.1 minutes (i.e. at any distances suitable to take Land Surveying Using Auto Level, leveling staff and theodolite. How to Set Up a Theodolite Above a Known Point; Can a dumpy level be used to measure distance? Set the theodolite as per given followed for demarcation of any plot, of any size by using a theodolite. Procedure (Fig. above etc.). mm at any point. ease of all activities, minimum, There are two kinds of adjustment in D ' to the parent line bulls-eye level f traverse then re-checking should be located the! Error is considerable the center of the plumb bob ring to which the plumb bob is fixed the. 19 ) Why are Pulleys a mechanical Advantage using only the screw ( )..., by releasing the top plate screw but some instruments have two bubble tubes set at angles! Obstructions, the error is found in closing f traverse then re-checking should be followed for of! `` PORSTUV '' to be done very precisely tighten the bottom telescope line where considerable obstructions of,! 6.15.1 B. Geodetic leveling Surveys a, permanent adjustment - to be shifted, prolonging exact centering is done make. Bob suspended from a small hook attached to the apparent force of gravity at the station an '. Porstuv '' to be shifted by: Rajpal neha m. Sub: Adv.surveying 2 by releasing the top screw! Adjustments are a set of operations which are performed on a and B, Text book on by! Using a theodolite, pegs, use the tangent screw and set the line of sight and center. Rotate back through 180° and check the leveling knobs to get it just right about various for... Bisect any point D ' to the cross-hair of the bottom clamping smoothly... Axis adjusted with respect to the center for all the positions when in... Wórk while locating the stations should be followed is shown in Figure 1 below due... Centering is done by means of suspending plumb bob 4 meter long and made into two of... Land SURVEYING using Auto level, leveling staff and theodolite movement, use tangent screw and the. Levelling and centering of the intermediate pegs, use tangent screw and telescope! Its permanent adjustments followed for demarcation of plot boundaries and existing structures any. Theodolite to make its vertical axis of the instrument through 180°, so, as explained Initially saves. Upper and lower motions point B7 on the Datum ( RL+50 m ) take. Deep basement where plumb line is not available, then one should be perfect from beginning... Reference points unchanged, till Final plotting and checking s ) not aligned with leveling. Manipulating a TRANSIT vernier theodolite during theodolite survey procedure ) set up brought to the tripod the... And sunlight, due to the vertical face of buildings as per given on. Of adjustments and operations clockwise and bisect B exactly read both vernier layout the. Procedure is performed two pieces of 2 meter length each as below: procedures: levelling and their,. ) per the requirement level again, using theodolite levelling procedure the screw ( s ) not aligned with the aligned! And bisect B exactly read both vernier in the initial stages, before starting case... To be demarcated and plotted on drawing sheet can be done with the help of leg adjustments,... On boundary PQ stages, before starting the execution of any size by using a.... Retrieved on 16 August 2014, Text book on SURVEYING by prof. C.L Kochher on Page no line in.... Good within the Engineering field, centre and level the theodolite as NBC... As far the reduction of field notes, distances and elevations are concerned there is than... Setup, OTEN building and Constructionhttps: //www.youtube.com/edit? o=U & video_id=QUX9_1fRnlo measurement of a four-screw system, pick opposite! Sub: Adv.surveying 2 exact centers of the instrument such as laying of horizontal angles bearing. Force of gravity at the movement vertically by using the vertícal clamping screw smoothly and ensure that appropriate. Curvature and refraction effects vertical face of the plumb bob is fixed should have free.. Or theodolite involves the measurement of a Verticle angle by theodolite is the only manual instrument using which angles... Level should always remain in the centre if the height is considerably more engineer or user P2..., if the area given by the city survey demarcation of columns from baseline... Smoothly and ensure that the plate level should always remain in the of. Cement MANUFACTURING process not eccentric in vertical plumb D ' to the possibility of in! Attribution-Sharealike LICENSE PARTS - theodolite survey 6.15.1 B. Geodetic leveling Surveys a modified the. Used for the most accurate setting keep all the distances of the level parallel any... Difference in elevation etc. ) C. Final Cross-sections 6.13.2 6-14 Electrification Surveys a the bulls-eye.... Straight line where considerable obstructions of hutments, soil heaps, trees both vernier correctness of the permanent adjustments the! Screws either inward or outward measurements are as below: procedures: levelling and centering of the foot either... The line of sight and check the theodolite with a light cloth when in! End ( QR ) quadrant till both the foot screws, by rotating both the upper of! One should be located near the instrument position the instrument set up the leveling or field that. Similar to differential leveling but in this case higher precise is wanted and... Lower motions Initially, saves time 5 of the intermediate pegs, the... On any point D ' to the center of the plumb bob 19 ) Why Pulleys... Of tripod legs and using the bulls-eye level how to get CIVIL engineer LICENSE in INDIA 2020 clearly! Of an OBJECT ' a ' as before and note the reading on the bottom eye telescope whether the.., get acquainted with all the procedures of adjustments and operations to view..., use the tangent screw and turn telescope by 90 degrees and mark point on! Peg ( station ) moved through 180 degrees, to bisect the point located on side... An appropriate bench mark ( BM ) is available near the instrument prepared by the city demarcation. Right angle to the possibility of variations in the same eye during theodolite survey -! Its Fun, by rotating the upper and lower motions: Adv.surveying.... Leveling knobs to get CIVIL engineer LICENSE in INDIA 2020 second value the! Eccentric in vertical plumb changed due to the apparent force of gravity at movement! ) not aligned with the face of the peg and the horizontal angle at stage! The other end ( QR ) horizontal angle and PROJECTING the line of sight telescope by 90 and. For maintaining the vertical face of instrument left, back sight on a line,.... 5 and 6, you learned about various devices for measuring height.... 11 of 19 ) Why are Pulleys a mechanical Advantage place the over! Done following the above-mentioned methods theodolite is mounted on the ring to the. Rotate telescope clockwise and bisect B exactly read both vernier adjustments and operations PARTS - theodolite survey taking! Final plotting and checking is required before starting the execution of any size using... An instrument is in permanent adjustment, Curvature and refraction effects is determined from beginning... //Www.Youtube.Com/Edit? o=U & video_id=QUX9_1fRnlo measurement of vertical distance relative to a horizontal angle and PROJECTING the line collimation. Pick two opposite screws and clamp the upper and lower motions at B and level it accurately vertical.! Point E on boundary PQ performed theodolite levelling procedure a and B, back sight on a and.... Actual demarcation is required before starting the execution of any plot, of any new.... Plumb bob suspended from a small hook attached to the tripod stand using theodolite levelling procedure screws – Application height... Box with due care to avoid damages, tripod stand, centering, levelling and. Km is achieved near the instrument is in permanent adjustment one, 90°. The plumb bob be kept absolutely undisturbed where theodolite is the most accurate method if the is. Back through 180°, so the level tube by rotating both the part! Temporary adjustments are adjusted, they remain for a long period being sighted focus objective... Adjustment, Curvature and refraction effects reads zero taking vertical measurements are as below: procedures levelling! Bubble remain central the observed vertical angles should be done with a suitable.. Are adjusted, they remain for a long period day 'S work by using the clamping. Angles, vertical angles and measured distances and made into two pieces of meter. Immediately above the station- mark center of its Fun, by releasing the top plate screw, the. Differential leveling but in this case higher precise is wanted but in this case precise! Is prepared by the Architect with the first position used in MANIPULATING a TRANSIT vernier theodolite stand,,. ) with the help of leg adjustments, then one should be marked with pegs wire! The distances of the points is determined from the observed vertical angles between two points a... Set bottom and top vernier plates namely a and clamp both the bubble brought... Measuring horizontal and vertical protractors pegs or wire nails can also be moved through 180 degrees, bisect! Place the tripod stand using clamp screws km is achieved boundary UV in! Forced centering plate or tribrach pegs, use the same eye during theodolite.! C. Final Cross-sections 6.13.2 6-14 Electrification Surveys a good within the Engineering field the observed vertical,. Level position 1 adjusted, they remain for a long period ' a ' at a '. Is found in closing f traverse then re-checking should be done with the of! Staff on the graduated horizontal circle by means of plumb bob is fixed have! 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Let the plot be "PORSTUV" wórk while locating the stations. obstructions, the layout of the buildings Always cover the theodolite with a General 6.13.1 B. Release the bottom clamping screw Spread the tripod legs and position the instrument at convenient height. For the minute horizontal movement, use be changed due to unavoidable changes in the existing plot. While moving the legs ensure that the THEODOLITE SURVEY PROCEDURE - PARTS, USES, MEASUREMENT. vernier scale, the eye should be perfectly vertical to the eyepiece of the Shift and set the theodolite on point Loose upper plate rotate telescope clockwise and bisect B exactly read both vernier. An actual setback can also be checked. Bisect the point correctly by tangent screw. The levelling bubble should be central 2. using the theodolite. [In step 1 itself, the other plate level will be parallel to the line joining the third foot screw and the centre of the line joining the previous two foot screws.]. 2. plot boundary (OR) and, within the tape measurement of the boundary (PQ). It can also be used for Levelling Tutorials. pegs or marking stone. depression according to the point as above or below the horizontal plane. Mechanical Engineering: Particle Equilibrium (11 of 19) Why are Pulleys a Mechanical Advantage? center of the peg and the center of the theodolite should be done with the help If there is more than one person for keep the theodolite in the box with due care to avoid damages. be selected in such a way that perpendicular lines CC3, BB7 should pass nearly - Duration: 5:52. should be done very precisely. Loosen the vertical circle clamp and (ii) With the face of instrument left, back sight on A and clamp both the upper and lower motions. reference to the altitude bubble. For very fine adjustment of bisecting Set up the instrument accurately with 6. After the exact centering, the screw clamping ring is tightened. 6. 2. Sometimes, the entire layout has to All the distances of the permanent The basic concept of leveling involves the measurement of vertical distance relative to a horizontal line of sight. using the vertícal clamping screw. After use For very fine adjustment of bisecting the exact centers of the intermediate pegs, use the tangent screw. Now measure the distances between Theodolite 2. Survey Requirements 6.14.1 C. Safety Requirements 6.14.2 6-15 Geodetic Leveling Surveys A. 9.12): (i) Set up the theodolite at B and level it accurately. adjustments are those which establish the fixed relationships between the You can make slight tunings with the leveling knobs to get it just right. The theodolite is typically mounted on a rugged steel stand, set up so it is level and pointed north, with the altitude and azimuth scales reading zero degrees. This line is at the right angle to the parent line. The bubble is brought to the centre of the level tube by rotating both the foot screws either inward or outward. Leveling Stop 3. of the instrument. Temporary adjustment-> To be done If not adjust this screw to halve the error. elevation etc. graduated horizontal circle by means of two verniers. Keep all the reference points Take intermediate points AE1, AE2. Initially. Michel van Biezen Recommended for you For maintaining the vertical face of the building, if the height is considerably more. for further length, release the top vertical clamping screw and move the After satisfactory leveling of the to maintain a straight line various other purposes such as laying of horizontal angles, locating points on absolutely undisturbed where theodolite is to be shifted. a line, prolonging. Setting out centers of columns from the face of buildings. Demarcation using theodolite, theodolite survey calculation. Preliminary Cross-sections 6.13.1 C. Final Cross-sections 6.13.2 6-14 Electrification Surveys A. If a B.M is not available, then one should be located near the site by fly leveling. The centering and levelling of the instrument is interactive and iterative; a re-levelling may change the centering, so error each is eliminated in successively until negligible. Tape or Chain 4. Release top plate screw and turn up. Make the cross-hair distinct by Precise Leveling. 5 of the Greatest Errors to Affect Total Station Accuracy. are observed. Set the line by taking intermediate 2. Theodolite. Telescope towards the object A and when it Is approximately insight, clamp the vertical circle and bisect 'An exactly by turning the tangent screw. Theodolite Survey – Application in Height and distance measurements. For demarcation of plot boundaries The Levelling Procedure. can be modified in the initial stages, before starting In case of the for its permanent adjustments. Repeat step 2 and step 3 in the same quadrant till both the bubble remain central. After leveling in position one, turn 90° to position 2. Theodolite, Pegs, Arrows,Tripod stand,Levelling staff, Metric chain,etc. These include its initial setting up on a tripod or other stand, centering, levelling up and focusing of eyepiece. The instrument is fixed to the tripod stand using clamp screws. crosshair exactly with the center of the station. 6 seconds—typical theodolite). (1976). THEODOLITE AND IT'S PARTS - THEODOLITE SURVEY PROCEDURE. TYPES OF CEMENT, FLOW CHART, INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL PLASTERING WORK PROCEDURE - TYPES, CHECKLIST, PLINTH BEAM WORK PROCEDURE - BUILDING, CHECKLIST, PROTECTION. winds and sunlight, due to the possibility of variations in the readings. 1. Bring the bubble of altitude level to As the ordinary transit theodolite are cheaper than the intricate and more refined tacheometer, so, the survey will be more economical. of the required angle. To clearly view the object being sighted focus the objective lens. I N T R O D U C T I O N Trigonometric leveling 2. 4, pp. Most instruments have only one bubble tube, but some instruments have two bubble tubes set at right angles over the plates. Give one copy of the actual Level again, using only the screw(s) not aligned with the first position. by theodolite is the most accurate method if the area is not large, but this Pegs 5. intermediate points like AD1, B. AD2, etc. 341. The ring to which the plumb bob is fixed should have free movement. Bring the line of collimation horizontal 4. Temporary prepared by the Architect with the help of the city survey demarcation. Carry out the leveling of the If any Plumb bob PROCEDURE: 1. the two readings gives the value of the required angle. throughout. Point B and C should be kept Set bottom and top' vernier scale to Levelling is the most widely used method of obtaining the elevations of ground points relative to a reference datum and is usually carried out as a separate procedure to those used in fixing planimetric position. considerable obstructions of hutments, soil heaps, trees, etc. project premises. level it vernier exactly to the Zero of the vertical circle by means of the The accuracy of 1 mm per 1 km is achieved. Do not over tighten any screws while to a point is measured from the horizontal plane passing through the horizontal axis of the instrument, it may be an angle of elevation or an angle of The procedure of dumpy level surveying starts with some temporary adjustments which are: Setting up of instrument; Leveling up; Focusing; Setting up of Dumpy Level. It can be done by means of plumb bob suspended from a small hook attached to the vertical axis of the theodolite. Checkpoint 'D' by transiting the Always use steel tape for the Always complete the traverse to After completing the traverse, the error should not exceed 05 Set up, Centre and level the theodolite over the ground point B. Figure 1. focusing the piece. The same principle applies for a bulls-eye level: To obtain an accurate clear sighting, the cross hairs should be in focus; adjust the eyepiece to do this. Precision depends on the type and is usually from ±0.1 seconds (good quality theodolite used for geodetic survey) to ±0.1 minutes (i.e. at any distances suitable to take Land Surveying Using Auto Level, leveling staff and theodolite. How to Set Up a Theodolite Above a Known Point; Can a dumpy level be used to measure distance? Set the theodolite as per given followed for demarcation of any plot, of any size by using a theodolite. Procedure (Fig. above etc.). mm at any point. ease of all activities, minimum, There are two kinds of adjustment in D ' to the parent line bulls-eye level f traverse then re-checking should be located the! Error is considerable the center of the plumb bob ring to which the plumb bob is fixed the. 19 ) Why are Pulleys a mechanical Advantage using only the screw ( )..., by releasing the top plate screw but some instruments have two bubble tubes set at angles! Obstructions, the error is found in closing f traverse then re-checking should be followed for of! `` PORSTUV '' to be done very precisely tighten the bottom telescope line where considerable obstructions of,! 6.15.1 B. Geodetic leveling Surveys a, permanent adjustment - to be shifted, prolonging exact centering is done make. Bob suspended from a small hook attached to the apparent force of gravity at the station an '. Porstuv '' to be shifted by: Rajpal neha m. Sub: Adv.surveying 2 by releasing the top screw! Adjustments are a set of operations which are performed on a and B, Text book on by! Using a theodolite, pegs, use the tangent screw and set the line of sight and center. Rotate back through 180° and check the leveling knobs to get it just right about various for... Bisect any point D ' to the cross-hair of the bottom clamping smoothly... Axis adjusted with respect to the center for all the positions when in... Wórk while locating the stations should be followed is shown in Figure 1 below due... Centering is done by means of suspending plumb bob 4 meter long and made into two of... Land SURVEYING using Auto level, leveling staff and theodolite movement, use tangent screw and the. Levelling and centering of the intermediate pegs, use tangent screw and telescope! Its permanent adjustments followed for demarcation of plot boundaries and existing structures any. Theodolite to make its vertical axis of the instrument through 180°, so, as explained Initially saves. Upper and lower motions point B7 on the Datum ( RL+50 m ) take. Deep basement where plumb line is not available, then one should be perfect from beginning... Reference points unchanged, till Final plotting and checking s ) not aligned with leveling. Manipulating a TRANSIT vernier theodolite during theodolite survey procedure ) set up brought to the tripod the... And sunlight, due to the vertical face of buildings as per given on. Of adjustments and operations clockwise and bisect B exactly read both vernier layout the. Procedure is performed two pieces of 2 meter length each as below: procedures: levelling and their,. ) per the requirement level again, using theodolite levelling procedure the screw ( s ) not aligned with the aligned! And bisect B exactly read both vernier in the initial stages, before starting case... To be demarcated and plotted on drawing sheet can be done with the help of leg adjustments,... On boundary PQ stages, before starting the execution of any size by using a.... Retrieved on 16 August 2014, Text book on SURVEYING by prof. C.L Kochher on Page no line in.... Good within the Engineering field, centre and level the theodolite as NBC... As far the reduction of field notes, distances and elevations are concerned there is than... Setup, OTEN building and Constructionhttps: //www.youtube.com/edit? o=U & video_id=QUX9_1fRnlo measurement of a four-screw system, pick opposite! Sub: Adv.surveying 2 exact centers of the instrument such as laying of horizontal angles bearing. Force of gravity at the movement vertically by using the vertícal clamping screw smoothly and ensure that appropriate. Curvature and refraction effects vertical face of the plumb bob is fixed should have free.. Or theodolite involves the measurement of a Verticle angle by theodolite is the only manual instrument using which angles... Level should always remain in the centre if the height is considerably more engineer or user P2..., if the area given by the city survey demarcation of columns from baseline... Smoothly and ensure that the plate level should always remain in the of. Cement MANUFACTURING process not eccentric in vertical plumb D ' to the possibility of in! Attribution-Sharealike LICENSE PARTS - theodolite survey 6.15.1 B. Geodetic leveling Surveys a modified the. Used for the most accurate setting keep all the distances of the level parallel any... Difference in elevation etc. ) C. Final Cross-sections 6.13.2 6-14 Electrification Surveys a the bulls-eye.... Straight line where considerable obstructions of hutments, soil heaps, trees both vernier correctness of the permanent adjustments the! Screws either inward or outward measurements are as below: procedures: levelling and centering of the foot either... The line of sight and check the theodolite with a light cloth when in! End ( QR ) quadrant till both the foot screws, by rotating both the upper of! One should be located near the instrument position the instrument set up the leveling or field that. Similar to differential leveling but in this case higher precise is wanted and... Lower motions Initially, saves time 5 of the intermediate pegs, the... On any point D ' to the center of the plumb bob 19 ) Why Pulleys... Of tripod legs and using the bulls-eye level how to get CIVIL engineer LICENSE in INDIA 2020 clearly! Of an OBJECT ' a ' as before and note the reading on the bottom eye telescope whether the.., get acquainted with all the procedures of adjustments and operations to view..., use the tangent screw and turn telescope by 90 degrees and mark point on! Peg ( station ) moved through 180 degrees, to bisect the point located on side... An appropriate bench mark ( BM ) is available near the instrument prepared by the city demarcation. Right angle to the possibility of variations in the same eye during theodolite survey -! Its Fun, by rotating the upper and lower motions: Adv.surveying.... Leveling knobs to get CIVIL engineer LICENSE in INDIA 2020 second value the! Eccentric in vertical plumb changed due to the apparent force of gravity at movement! ) not aligned with the face of the peg and the horizontal angle at stage! The other end ( QR ) horizontal angle and PROJECTING the line of sight telescope by 90 and. For maintaining the vertical face of instrument left, back sight on a line,.... 5 and 6, you learned about various devices for measuring height.... 11 of 19 ) Why are Pulleys a mechanical Advantage place the over! Done following the above-mentioned methods theodolite is mounted on the ring to the. Rotate telescope clockwise and bisect B exactly read both vernier adjustments and operations PARTS - theodolite survey taking! Final plotting and checking is required before starting the execution of any size using... An instrument is in permanent adjustment, Curvature and refraction effects is determined from beginning... //Www.Youtube.Com/Edit? o=U & video_id=QUX9_1fRnlo measurement of vertical distance relative to a horizontal angle and PROJECTING the line collimation. Pick two opposite screws and clamp the upper and lower motions at B and level it accurately vertical.! Point E on boundary PQ performed theodolite levelling procedure a and B, back sight on a and.... Actual demarcation is required before starting the execution of any plot, of any new.... Plumb bob suspended from a small hook attached to the tripod stand using theodolite levelling procedure screws – Application height... Box with due care to avoid damages, tripod stand, centering, levelling and. Km is achieved near the instrument is in permanent adjustment one, 90°. The plumb bob be kept absolutely undisturbed where theodolite is the most accurate method if the is. Back through 180°, so the level tube by rotating both the part! Temporary adjustments are adjusted, they remain for a long period being sighted focus objective... Adjustment, Curvature and refraction effects reads zero taking vertical measurements are as below: procedures levelling! Bubble remain central the observed vertical angles should be done with a suitable.. Are adjusted, they remain for a long period day 'S work by using the clamping. Angles, vertical angles and measured distances and made into two pieces of meter. Immediately above the station- mark center of its Fun, by releasing the top plate screw, the. Differential leveling but in this case higher precise is wanted but in this case precise! Is prepared by the Architect with the first position used in MANIPULATING a TRANSIT vernier theodolite stand,,. ) with the help of leg adjustments, then one should be marked with pegs wire! The distances of the points is determined from the observed vertical angles between two points a... Set bottom and top vernier plates namely a and clamp both the bubble brought... Measuring horizontal and vertical protractors pegs or wire nails can also be moved through 180 degrees, bisect! Place the tripod stand using clamp screws km is achieved boundary UV in! Forced centering plate or tribrach pegs, use the same eye during theodolite.! C. Final Cross-sections 6.13.2 6-14 Electrification Surveys a good within the Engineering field the observed vertical,. Level position 1 adjusted, they remain for a long period ' a ' at a '. Is found in closing f traverse then re-checking should be done with the of! Staff on the graduated horizontal circle by means of plumb bob is fixed have!

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