german missionaries in south africa

They had a vocation to the religious life, and were eager to have a specific common rule of life. Ten South African based German Missionaries Photographed, Gustav Dietrich - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Ernst Friedrich Gottschling - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Carl Adolf Hoffman - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Eduard Kratzenstein - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Johann Heinrich Albert Kropf - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Julius August Marasas - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Gustav Pakendorf - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Wilhelm Taurat - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Hermann Theodor Wangemann - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Georg Carl Windisch - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, Unidentified female German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer.jpg, A short history of Ncera Methodist Church, Activism by Sandton Ratepayers in the 1990s, Finding the grave of Nat Nakasa in New York, Barnett's Views of Johannesburg and Suburbs - A window on the world that was early Johannesburg, Reflections on the end of World War I and the impact of war, Another brick in the wall – forgotten Kirkness bricks and fireplaces at the UNISA Sunnyside campus, Why Do Municipalities Not Uphold Their By-Laws - A Case Study from Greater Oudtshoorn, The Famous Hanging Building at 78 Fox Street, An opportunity to purchase an original Johannesburg Title Deed, Invitation to comment on the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site Integrated Management Plan (IMP), Hidden History of the Kruger National Park - 16 January 2021, Memories of the Old Melville Swimming Baths, Review of Traditional Tswana Housing: A Study in Four Villages in eastern Botswana (2nd edition), Johannesburg Heritage Foundation responds to the City's update on Museum Africa, City provides update on remedial measures following the break-in at Museum Africa, New Book - Thomas Muir: 'Lad O'Pairts' - The Life and Work of Sir Thomas Muir (1844-1934), Mathematician and Cape Colonial Educationist, Advertise in The Heritage Portal Newsletter, The Capture of Winston Churchill - The Armoured Train Incident. Places Amalienstein, a Mission Station in the Western Cape; Anhalt-Schmidt, a Mission Station in Little Karoo; Botshebelo Township, near Middleburg; General Galleries. Related Content. [7], Another gifted African student who had started out with violin lessons and was to follow in Kuhn’s footsteps to Ducherow and then the theological seminary in Berlin was one Jan Sekoto. As mission director, he encouraged missionary effectiveness through tight organisation. In his memory, the mission station Mp'hôme (Mphome) based in Haenertsburg (Limpopo Province today), was also renamed to Kratzenstein. The 31 images contained in the album are mainly of missionaries who did duty in South Africa (12 images), East Africa (6 images) & China (3 images). His first wife, Caroline Wilhelmine Hauffe, whom he married during 1847, passed away in Stutterheim on 10 February 1898. Comments will load below. Kratzenstein was based at Bethel (now Stutterheim) at some stage. Twee Duiters oor Transvaal in die 19de eeu. The drawings have a significant cultural-historical value in that they are accompanied by extensive written travelogues. Hoffman was born in Germany on 2 August 1868 and arrived in South Africa during 1894. Hoffmann attempted to record African history and cultural practices with a view to preserving them for posterity by rendering orally presented knowledge into written and printed text. Wangemenn was born on 27 March 1818 in Wilsnack and passed away in Berlin on 18 June 1894 aged 76. German Embassy in South Africa. He was the mission Superintendent at Pietermaritzburg since 1910. The missionaries Posselt and Güldenpfennig founded the first BMS station in Natal during 1847 and named it Emmaus. [2] In 1885 on 1 September, as a result of his enthusiastic articles in the German Catholic press, five young German women travelled to South Africa to join his missionary work. The Berlin Mission Society and its Theology: the Bapedi Mission Church and the independent Bapedi Lutheran Church. Early Christian missionaries. WorldCat Home About WorldCat Help. World War I cut off contact with Germany, but the missions continued at a reduced pace. About the author: Carol is passionate about South African Photographica – anything and everything to do with the history of photography. His daughter Mary married David Livingstone, the missionary-explorer, who also worked at Kuruman before his travels in … He was also the superintendent at the Dohne station. Missionaries Karl Wilhelm Posselt and Wilhelm Güldenpfennig founded the first BMS station in Natal which they named Emmaus, with further stations being established in the years that followed, including the Christianenberg and Hermannsburg Missions. Although there is limited information available about Kratzenstein, it is known that he was a mission historian who published his works accordingly. Much More than a Mafia: Mavericks, Mentors, and Medical Maestros. The remainder of the images had no inscriptions on them, making it almost impossible to identify the missionary that was photographically captured. He was married to Anna Wiedermann who passed away on 21 November 1949. Dietrich was born in Germany on 3 February 1868. Assemblies of God World Missions 1445 N Boonville Avenue Springfield, MO 65802 417-862-2781 Amongst the South African group of images, 10 missionaries have been identified and are presented in this article. A recorded discussion between Kropf and Sir. The BMS sent its first missionaries to South Africa in 1833. He has published a variety of articles on this topic and assisted a publisher and fellow researchers in the field. The BMS focused on providing schooling and bringing the gospel to people in their own language. If you would like to post a comment and need instructions click here. They used some of the British Empire’s resources and then in turn the empire coerced them to use their teaching to subdue the Africans. He got married to Auguste Marie Sandrock in South Africa on 12 October 1898, but she passed away during July 1914 whereafter he remarried Luise Henriette Brune during 1916. German South West Africa (German: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.With a total area of 835,100 km², it was one and a half times the size of the mainland German Empire in Europe at the time. The latter keeps well established ties with the Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea (est. Information on consular services of the Germany Embassy in Pretoria. Visa applications, passports, consular statements, legalisation of documents and more. He arrived in South Africa during 1894 and passed away in Potchefstroom on 29 August 1944 (Aged 74). Look at our full list of 1 Consular Offices that may make it easier to to seek out your nearest Embassy in South Africa. If there is no additional booking confirmation, the traveler may be denied entry by the German Federal Police. Only based in Africa on two occassions for 2 years at a time, Wangemann undertook visitation trips to the mission offices in Africa from 1866 onwards. Interestingly enough, at least eight of the ten men listed below remained in South Africa and passed away on Southern African soil. Wangemann played a significant role in developing mission work in South Africa and later in China and Tanzania. Their work was interrupted by the Anglo Boer War, during which BMS missionary Daniel Heese was murdered by members of the Bushveldt Carbineers, an irregular regiment of the British Army. Pastor Carl Wilhelm Posselt (1815-85) agreed to care for the congregation in New Germany, where he consecrated the first chapel of the BMS in South Africa on 19 November 1848. All the photographs of the missionaries included in this article were taken in Berlin, Germany. The mission station " Wangemannshöh " in German East Africa, (Tanzania), was named after him. His first visit was between 17 September 1866 and 26 September 1867 during which he was critical of how the white colonists treated their black staff or the local population. Kropf was born in Germany on 27 March 1822. [1], The Berlin Missionary Society is still active today as an integral part of the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO). Significant about each of the photographs included in this article is that they were taken more than a 130 years ago in Germany prior to the missionaries’ departure to South Africa. Of particular interest to Carol are historical South African photographs. After 1945 the missionaries had to deal with the decolonisation o… He married a Scottish yarn winder, Janet Burnside, at Govan in February 1857 and returned to South Africa to found a Mission Station at Tuturu. Disclaimer: Any views expressed by individuals and organisations are their own and do not in any way represent the views of The Heritage Portal. … Was this a formal album that would have belonged to the mission administration, or was it an album of a missionary (or his family) that just passionately compiled such album keeping track of their colleagues doing duty around the globe? The Berlin Missionary Society was one of four German Protestant mission societies active in South Africa before 1914. Much conflict ensued among the first group of missionaries resulting in all of them leaving the society within a few years. On the one hand they were driven by a strong desire to genuinely serve humanity and bring about material and social changes which would improve its quality of life. [1], Gunther Pakendorf, "A Brief History of the Berlin Mission Society in South Africa,", American Presbyterian Mission (1867). Website: www.southafrica.diplo.de. [1] Berlin Missionaries to South Africa (www.geni.com). southern Africa were assimilated into the nearest reformed English or Afri­ kaans communities. J.D. In southern Africa most of the leaders who participated in the fight for independence were educated by missionaries or schools built by missionaries. South Africa Johannesburg Mission South Africa Mission 1970-1974 Swedish Mission 1905 Peter Matson extant Organized from Scandinavian Mission Sweden Stockholm Mission Sweden Mission 1970-1974 French Mission 1912 Edgar B. Brossard 1914 Tongan Mission 1916 Willard L. Smith extant Organized from Samoan Mission Tonga Nuku'alofa Mission He arrived in South Africa during 1896 and passed away in Zimbabwe on 23 January 1924 (aged almost 56). The earliest efforts were made by George Schmidt, a Moravian whose work was carried on in the late 18th c by other Moravians at the famous Genadendal Mission Station. She passed away in Stutterheim on 26 August 1929. After 1945 the missionaries had to deal with the decolonisation of Africa and especially with the apartheid government. Click here for details on how to contribute and here to advertise in our newsletter. [Linda Chisholm] Home. Van der Heyden, U. South Africa and Namibia. New York: Phelps-Stokes Fund. Between Worlds: German Missionaries and the Transition from Mission to Bantu Education in South Africa scrutinises the experience of a hitherto unexplored German mission society, probing the complexities and paradoxes of social change in education. Upon arriving in the southern Free State, and on advice from the London Mission Society’s G.A. Landbeskrywing van F.H. The missions also united across denominations. The Berlin Mission started sending missionaries to South Africa in 1833. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press. The Berlin Mission started sending missionaries to South Africa in 1833. contemporary Africa in such a way that they underline a critical shift in the epicenter of Christianity from the North to the South. Missionaries Alexander Merensky and Heinrich Grützner started work in the north eastern part of the South African Republic in 1860, their first station being at Gerlachshoop. Wrote ‘Missionary Labours and Scenes in South Africa’ (1842), and translated the Catechism as well as the New Testament into the Tswana language. He arrived in South Africa during 1895. contemporary Africa in such a way that they underline a critical shift in the epicenter of Christianity from the North to the South. She passed away in Potchefstroom on 13 May 1941. He added that during 1881, he had about 250 active Christians at the mission station. Diplomatic representation of Germany. It was on these travels that he recorded diary inscriptions with sketches. Hoffmann was among the most prolific 19th and 20th century authors employed by the Berlin Missionary Society. HMG missionaries in India were interned and repatriated and the assets of the South African mission were appropriated, and the missionaries interned. Here were established a school, seminary, workshops, mill and printing press; and from here BMS influence spread throughout the Transvaal. The Berlin Mission Society (BMS) started sending missionaries to South Africa as early as 1833. He was married to Martha Ney who passed away on 14 February 1949. He was married to Anna Charlotte Canin who passed away in Boksburg on 24 July 1952. Related Content. A number of missionaries with close ties to Berlin had been working here for the London Missionary Society and the Rhenish Mission, and thus South Africa was chosen as the first mission field. Between Worlds: German Missionaries and the Transition from Mission to Bantu Education in South Africa scrutinises the experience of a hitherto unexplored German mission society, probing the complexities and paradoxes of social change in education. LMS missionary arrived at the Cape in 1817; worked among the Bechuana at Kuruman Mission Station for 50 years. [1][2][6] It raises challenging questions about the nature of mission education legacies. Further missionaries arrived in 1836/7, with Jacob Ludwig Döhne setting up BMS stations Bethel and Itemba amongst the Xhosa in a part of the Eastern Cape then known as Kaffraria. [9], The Bethel Mission had established a missionary presence in Tanganyika, German East Africa, inviting the BMS in 1903 to take over a number of its stations. It is also assumed that Missionaries were provided with copies of their own images to use as “visiting cards” in the country where they did service. The probability exists that some of the remaining images without inscriptions could also have been South African based missionaries. Search. He also acquired the adjacent… 4) Eduard Kratzenstein (Dr.) (1823 – 1896). Kropf published a much-valued Xhosa/English dictionary during 1899. Due to the slow progress, the BMS gladly accepted the invitation by the British authorities to start work in the new colony of Natal. In 1883 Franz Adolf Lüderitz, a merchant from Bremen, Germany, established a trading post in southwest Africa at Angra Pequena, which he renamed Lüderitzbucht. European missionaries to southern Africa during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries played a strangely ambiguous role in the history and affairs of the region. For example, a cross-denominational council of missionaries was created at a 1918 conference in Kenya. Kropf attributes the slow growth of the mission population to the station being destroyed twice (during 1846 and 1851), resulting in membership scattering and the mission needing to commence anew after each of these destructions. He wrote a system of regulations addressing fundamental questions of missionary work, the 1881 Missionsordnung der Gesellschaft zur Beförderung der Evangelischen Missionen unter den Heiden zu Berlin.[4]. On 23 September 1828 the missionary groups from Elberfeld, Barmen and Cologne (Köln) decided to amalgamate to form the Rhenish Mission Society. Hardijzer Photographic Research Collections. He passed away in Boksburg on 16 August 1924 (Aged 68). By 1900 there were more than thirty six stations and nearly 30,000 converts in the region. German-Herero conflict of 1904–07, the conflict between the Herero people and German colonial troops in German South West Africa in 1904 and the ensuing events of the next few years that resulted in the deaths of about 75 percent of the Herero population, considered by most scholars to be genocide.. Background. It emerged from the German tradition of Pietism after 1815 and sent its first missionaries to South Africa in 1834. [1][2], It was a successor organisation, in Berlin, to the missionary training efforts of Pastor Johannes Jaenicke [de] (of the Bohemian-Lutheran congregation in Berlin) which had prepared missionaries since 1800 for work with other missionary societies including the London Missionary Society.[3]. Does anyone have material on the Holpan Diamond Diggings? It raises challenging questions about the nature of mission education legacies. During colonialism in South Africa they defied the government and educated black students at a time when the colonial governments forbade this practice. Although the Church Missionary Society began in England, two German Lutherans sailed for Africa in 1804 as the society’s first missionaries. The themes of his drawings vary from South African landscapes to six drawings of places in the Middle East. Hence the Society’s missionaries were often at the forefront of publishing Bible translations, dictionaries and grammars in indigenous languages. 6 . A second missionary field in China arose after Germany declared Shantung to be within their sphere of political and colonial influence in 1896. Hotel closures due to a lack of demand can be expected. Can anyone tell me where this building in East London is? The German mission societies in South Africa included the Berlin Mission Society (which is the focus of this article), the Hermannsburg, the Moravian and Rhinish Mission Societies. It raises challenging questions about the nature of mission education legacies. World War I cut off contact with Germany, but the missions continued at a reduced pace. The Berlin Missionary Society in South Africa. South Africa. Next the focus shifted to the Eastern Cape where Ludwig Döhne started the first Berlin Mission Station in this troubled area during 1836. Fortunately, research by both German and Missionary historians has resulted in sufficient information being recorded on most of the missionaries, which makes the sharing of the images more impactful. Kolbe at Philippolis, it was decided instead to establish a mission amongst the Korana at a spot on the Riet River, which they named Bethanien, in September 1834. It was at Botshabelo that the missionary R.F Güstav Trümpelmann, with the invaluable assistance of his erstwhile student, Abraham Serote, translated the Bible into Sepedi (Northern Sotho). Pakendorf was born in Germany on 28 August 1869 and arrived in South Africa during 1895. Paul the Apostle: One of the greatest missionaries of all times. Unknown (Extracted January 2019). (www.safrika.org/berlin). A collection of 106 drawings by Wangemann, originating from these journeys, was acquired by a South African museum in 1954. An important director was Hermann Theodor Wangemann [de], who directed the Society from 1865 until his death in 1894. Many questions arise around the existence of the album. Kropf confirmed that he worked with local leaders Ndhlambes (under chief Umhala) and Gaikas (under chief Sandili). Let us know what is happening in your town or city. The considerable contribution of St John’s College to Medicine. Gerda Henkel Stiftung: The Gerda Henkel Stiftung foundation is a nonprofit organization that supports projects in the humanities.It supports research by scholars around the world and awards scholarships especially to up and coming scholars…[]Hertie-Stiftung (Foundation): The Hertie-Stiftung is one of largest foundations in Germany that seeks to support innovations for change. See for example, David B. BARRETT, "AD2000: 350 million Christians in Africa", in International Review of Mission, 59, Digitised by the University of Pretoria, Library Services, 2013 Missionaries saw the voyages to Africa by their governments as an opportunity for them to spread the teaching of the Christian faith. On the other hand they were possessed of a moral self-righteousness which led them to make hasty and uninformed … A number of missionaries with close ties to Berlin had been working here for the London Missionary Society and the Rhenish Mission, and thus South Africa was chosen as the first mission field. Missionary settlement in Southern Africa 1800-1925. There were few positive reports in the early years, but it was especially active 1859-1914. The areas of German South West Africa (now Namibia) were formally … He passed away in Pietersburg on 15 September 1962 (Aged 94). Fax Number: (+27) (0)12 427 8969. It raises challenging questions about the nature of mission education legacies. It emerged from the German tradition of Pietism after 1815 and sent its first missionaries to South Africa in 1834. Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese. The missionaries emphasized teachings of never questioning authority and accepting colonial rule as ordained by God. He remarried Clementine Katharina Kuhne. These missions declined after World War I (when Germany lost all its colonies and German missionaries in such areas were deemed undesirable) and their work was impossible after World War II. Recently the author acquired a Victorian Photo album which contained a number of Carte-de-Visite format photographs of Berlin Mission Society missionaries, all attached to the German Lutheran church in Berlin (dating from between 1865 and late 1870s). During colonialism in South Africa they defied the government and educated black students at a time when the colonial governments forbade this … Updated on 2020 Consulates and Embassies in South Africa ... We pray for both you contact directly using the consular mission for you to attend. Office Hours: Please see official website He passed away in Bergville on 2 June 1940 (aged almost 71). In 1848 he returned to South Africa to assist in establishing a Mission Station but when the 8 th Frontier War broke out Tiyo went back to Scotland, where he was ordained in December 1856. [8], Niklaas Koen, a “Khoikhoi”, was sent by the BMS to Germany in 1875 to further his education at a high school at Ducherow in Pomerania and afterwards to study for the ministry at the Berlin Missionshaus, where he adopted a German version of his name, Klaus Kuhn. Missionary settlement in Southern Africa 1800-1925. The BMS began the training of its first missionaries in 1829, with assistance from missionary societies in Pomerania and East Prussia. Few returned to Africa and thus German … It was as part of this process that Africans, duly trained and sometimes salaried, were accepted into the Society as teachers, catechists and lay-preachers, the so-called Nationalhelferen or national helpers. Johann Heinrich Albert Kropf - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer. Unknown (extracted January 2019). Miles traveled to the interior with the missionary party in 1835. Apparently not adapting well to the Pomeranian climate, however, he returned early to the BMS station at Botshabelo as a teacher. He served as a missionary in South Africa for some 60 years. The Wangemann collection is currently curated by the Ditsong National Museum of Cultural History in Pretoria. Embassy of Germany in Pretoria, South Africa The EmbassyPage for Germany's embassy in Pretoria has updated and verified contact details for the mission, including address, telephone number, fax number and email address, as well as information about the embassy's website and social media presence. There were unsuccessful early attempts to evangelise the Swazi and in Sekhukhuneland. Twice married into aristocracy, Wangemann had intimate friends in high places and was acquainted with Bismarck. Powe, K. & van der Heyden, U. De Jong, C. (1992). 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