The combined efforts of a 13-member faculty team, college staff and administration culminated when students enrolled in the first "z-courses" which are based solely on OER. [21] OER and Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS), for instance, have many aspects in common,[22][23] a connection first established in 1998 by David Wiley[24] who coined the term open content and introduced the concept by analogy with open source. [42] MOOCs offer a wide range of courses in many different subjects for individuals to be able to evolve their knowledge and education in an affordable and easy manner.[43]. ", "241 OER Courses with Assessments in Moodle: How Saylor.org has created one of the largest Free and Open Course Initiatives on the web", "Saylor Foundation to Launch Multi-Million Dollar Open Textbook Challenge! Comparative Analysis of an Open Educational Resource Textbook and Commercial Textbook on Student Outcomes in an Online Nursing Course There is a growing body of research on the benefits of using open educational resources (OER) in higher education, and their impact on student outcomes. By applying the open source process to education, Curriki empowers educational professionals to become an active community in the creation of good curricula. Proponents of open education believe everyone in the world should have access to high-quality educational experiences and resources, and they work to eliminate barriers to this goal. [85], Peer production has also been utilized in producing collaborative open education resources (OERs). that are freely available for use, reuse, adaptation, and sharing'.[13][14]. They also include the creation, use and repurposing of Open Educational Resources (OER) and their adaptation to the contextual setting. However, a study found that very few classes were actually using these materials (. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines OER as: "digitised materials offered freely and openly for educators, students, and self-learners to use and reuse for teaching, learning, and research. Current events make the need for open education greater than ever, but there are fewer resources available to support this work. Open educational resources or OERs are learning and teaching materials that are shared online and for everyone openly. Currently, more than 60 students are listed as its members. What these two terms refer to is closely related to each other, often indistinguishable. Bliss, T. J., Hilton, J., Wiley, D., & Thanos, K. (2013, January 7). This page was last edited on 3 January 2021, at 01:59. Open education is a philosophy about the way people should produce, share, and build on knowledge. Few studies have investigated the usage of OER, so it is still not very clear how faculty and student use of OER (enabled by the permission given by an open license) would contribute to student learning. Stephen Downes has argued that, from a connectivist perspective, the production of OER is ironic because "in the final analysis, we cannot produce knowledge for people. Examples. [75] Like the content in OpenStax CNX, OpenStax books are available under Creative Commons CC BY licenses that allow users to reuse, remix, and redistribute content as long as they provide attribution. [18][19] In open education, there is an emerging effort by some accredited institutions to offer free certifications, or achievement badges, to document and acknowledge the accomplishments of participants. The project itself was accused of imperialism because the economic, political, and cultural preferences of highly developed countries determine the creation and dissemination of knowledge that can be used by less-developed countries and may be a self-serving imposition.[122]. Types of open educational resources include full courses, course materials, modules, learning objects, open textbooks, openly licensed (often streamed) videos, tests, software, and other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge. [41], MOOCS: Within the open educational resources movement, the concept of OER is active. Find OER repositories by discipline through the use of an individualized LibGuide such as the one found here from Indian River State College, [1]. [47] For example, research from the Czech Republic has proved most students said they use OER as often as or more often than classical materials. Wikipedia is the most used resource. A nonprofit organization, Curriki provides an Internet site for open source curriculum (OSC) development, to provide universal access to free curricula and instructional materials for students up to the age of 18 (K-12). A project created by ISKME. ", "OER: Articles, Books, Presentations and Seminars", "The Brave New World of College Branding", "The Role of Open Educational Resources in Personal Learning", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open_educational_resources&oldid=997957353, Articles with dead external links from February 2017, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. all within a public or private group. On the other hand, there are some costs in the assembly and adaptation process. cover use and reuse, repurposing, and modification of the resources; include free use for educational purposes by teachers and learners, Expanded access to learning – can be accessed anywhere at any time, Ability to modify course materials – can be narrowed down to topics that are relevant to course, Enhancement of course material – texts, images and videos can be used to support different approaches to learning, Rapid dissemination of information – textbooks can be put forward quicker online than publishing a textbook, Cost saving for students – all readings are available online, which saves students hundreds of dollars, Quality/reliability concerns – some online material can be edited by anyone at anytime, which results in irrelevant or inaccurate information. One of the most frequently cited benefits of OER is their potential to reduce costs. Open Education Resources Get Major Boost From ESSA, January 20, 2016. Get Started. [27] In a first manifestation of this movement, MIT entered a partnership with Utah State University, where assistant professor of instructional technology David Wiley set up a distributed peer support network for the OCW's content through voluntary, self-organizing communities of interest. The first version of the website was launched in March 2015[101] and the website is continuously developing. Open Educational Resources. [29] The report "Giving Knowledge for Free: The Emergence of Open Educational Resources",[30] published in May 2007, is the main output of the project, which involved a number of expert meetings in 2006. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License. | College Open Textbooks Blog", "Aims and Objectives | DELILA Project Blog", "DELILA – Embedding Digital and Information Literacy OERs into the PG Cert", "OER@AVU – Open Educational Resources by the African Virtual University", "Community college to offer textbook-free degree", "Open Educational Resources at Northern Virginia Community College", "Digitale læremidler i videregående opplæring – Oppfølging av Revidert Nasjonalbudsjett for 2006", "Lov om grunnskolen og den vidaregåande opplæringa (opplæringslova) – Lovdata", "Open Educational Resources and Creative Commons", "Developing open education literacies with practicing K-12 teachers", "Arab League, U.S. Groups provides a flexible environment to organize, create, share, and discuss resources … The resulting Paris OER Declaration (2012) reaffirmed the shared commitment of international organizations, governments, and institutions to promoting the open licensing and free sharing of publicly funded content, the development of national policies and strategies on OER, capacity-building, and open research. The people who are benefiting from these open education resource initiatives are the people who are producing these resources."[127]. The goals of this initiative were twofold: 1) to improve student success, and 2) to increase instructor effectiveness. Flood of Open Education Resources Challenges Educators, January 13, 2016. [36][37], Open educational resources often involve issues relating to intellectual property rights. While OER must be hosted and disseminated, and some require funding, OER development can take different routes, such as creation, adoption, adaptation and curation. Adult Education Open Community of Resources, Pathways Project | OER Language Teaching Repository @ Boise State. Become an OERu partner. [46], The growing movement of OER has also fostered research activities on OER across the world. This solution also contributes to the creation of customized textbooks where each professor could select the sections appropriate for their courses or could freely adapt existing sections to their needs. Led by Assistant Vice Chancellor, Gerard Hanley, and modeled after sister project, MERLOT, SkillsCommons open workforce development content was developed and vetted by 700 community colleges and other TAACCCT institutions across the United States. Build. This technologically driven tension is deeply bound up with the discourse of open-source licensing. [90] The Saylor Foundation makes use of university and college faculty members and subject experts to assist in this process, as well as to provide peer review of each course to ensure its quality. In 2011, South Korea announced a plan to digitize all of its textbooks and to provide all students with computers and digitized textbooks by 2015. OER Commons is a public digital library of open educational resources. The 21 z-courses that make up an associate of science degree in business administration were launched simultaneously across four campus locations. "[121], More fundamentally, doubts were cast on the altruistic motives typically claimed by OERs. In 2015, the MGH Institute of Health Professions, with help from an Institute of Museum and Library Services Grant (#SP-02-14-0), launched the Open Access Course Reserves (OACR). The network has members from all Nordic countries and facilitates discourse and dialogue on open education but also participates in projects and development programs. Also, the local professors will be the sink and source of the knowledge, contextualized to the Latin American Higher Education system. One of the sub-projects of Research on OER for development project aimed to work with teachers from government schools in Karnataka, to collaboratively create OER, including in the Kannada language spoken in the state. And some OER must be created and produced originally at some time. organize, and share OER collections that meet their common goals. ", "Wikiwijs: An unexpected journey and the lessons learned towards OER | Schuwer", "Curriki Appoints Kim Jones as New Executive Director to Oversee Next Phase of Growth", "The Purpose of Learning for Content – outcomes and results", "Open Educational Practices and Resources: The OLCOS Roadmap 2012", "Experimenting with MOOCs: Network-based Communities of Practice. (Petiška, 2018)[54] The approaches proposed in the COUP framework have also been used internationally (e.g. The hallmark of Connexions is the use of a custom XML format CNXML, designed to aid and enable mixing and reuse of the content. [75], Other initiatives derived from MIT OpenCourseWare are China Open Resources for Education and OpenCourseWare in Japan. Thus, open educational resources are the learning material and teaching that is available either under open licensing or in the public domain. The platform is easy to access and search, and is full of resources to get started with an OER project at your institution. A handbook for faculty interested in practicing open pedagogy by involving students in the making of open textbooks, ancillary materials, or other Open Educational Resources. Launch Open Book Project | IIP Digital", https://conference.oeconsortium.org/2019/, "UNESCO and COL promote wider use of OERs", "Knowledge Dissemination in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Role for Open Educational Resources (OER)? [103] This was shortly followed by an Open Textbook Crash Course,[104] which provides K-12 educators with basic knowledge about copyright, open licensing, and attribution. [2], The idea of open educational resources (OER) has numerous working definitions. Preston Davis, Director of Instructional Services at NOVA Online, led the ELI team of faculty, instructional designers and librarians on the project to create what NOVA calls "digital open" courses. 5R activities/permissions were proposed by David Wiley, which include: Users of OER are allowed to engage in any of these 5R activities, permitted by the use of an open license. by support Wikipedian in residence). Learn more about creating OER. The OER World Map invites people to enter a personal profile as well to add their organization, OER project or service to the database. These courses are free online courses available to any individual who would like to enroll. Achieve Created a series of eight rubrics that evaluate the degree to which each open educational resource’s (OER) aligns to the Common Core State Standards, as well as the quality of each resource. At project startup in 2006, increased volume and diversity were seen as significant conditions for the introduction of free learning material in upper secondary education. 1 Open Education Resource. [92] One of the main barriers that the project found to sharing resources in information literacy was copyright that belonged to commercial database providers[93], In 2006, the African Virtual University (AVU) released 73 modules of its Teacher Education Programs as open education resources to make the courses freely available for all. Study online for free, using open educational resources. However, alternative and more flexible licensing options have become available as a result of the work of Creative Commons, a non-profit organization that provides ready-made licensing agreements that are less restrictive than the "all rights reserved" terms of standard international copyright. [123] The aim was to create a model where teachers in public education systems (who number hundreds of thousands in most countries) can collaborate to create and publish OER. The textbooks are available online for free. These new options have become a "critical infrastructure service for the OER movement. This can include using Open Author for creating, remixing, and publishing shared curriculum. challenges in OER could be addressed. textbooks). OER need not be created from scratch. The institution did not approve of the fact that he permitted 50 students who had been rejected from admission to study with him. The objectives of the project are: To increase the level of national collaboration between universities and educational organisations in the use and production of OER, To find effective online methods to support teachers and students, in terms of quality, technology and retrievability of OER, To raise awareness for the potential of webinars as a tool for open online learning, To increase the level of collaboration between universities' support functions and foster national resource sharing, with a base in modern library and educational technology units, and To contribute to the creation of a national university structure for tagging, distribution and storage of OER. The created books are freely available to the students in an electronic format or could be legally printed at low cost because there is no license or fees to be paid for their distribution, since they are all released as OER with a Creative Commons CC-BY-SA license. Maureen Wilson, Memorial University of Newfoundland. [25] Richard Baraniuk made the same connection independently in 1999 with the founding of Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX). It seeks to understand in what ways, and under what circumstances can the adoption of OER address the increasing demand for accessible, relevant, high-quality and affordable post-secondary education in the Global South. An open educational resource (OER) is content that is ‘libre’ (openly-licensed content) and at the same time ‘gratis’ (free of charge). Wiley, D. A., Hilton III, J. L., Ellington, S., & Hall, T. (2012). In 2014, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation started funding the establishment of an OER World Map that documents OER initiatives around the world. OER may be freely and openly available static resources, dynamic resources which change over time in the course of having knowledge seekers interacting with and updating them (such as this Wikipedia article), or a course or module with a combination of these resources. In this digital age, free online educational resources are getting an increasingly high profile. In Canada, education is exclusively a provincial or territorial responsibility, though the federal government can intervene in areas relevant to open education. Open licensing allows uses of the materials that would not be easily permitted under copyright alone. We have aligned the systems that we use for core student provision with those for our public OER provision. These can take a wide variety of forms including text, photographic and video material, audio, software, quizzes, or even whole course lessons (called OpenCourseware).These materials are either in the public domain or have been offered under Creative Commons licenses that … Open Up Resources is a non-profit increasing equity in education by making excellent, top-rated K-12 curricula freely available to districts. Critical discourse about OER as a movement. The common term that represents the products of Open Education is OER (Open Educational Resources). In-person and virtual OER workshops help focus instructors to develop a "commons" mindset, [88], In 2011–12, academicians from the University of Mumbai, India created an OER Portal with free resources on Micro Economics, Macro Economics, and Soft Skills – available for global learners. Typically claimed by OERs resources get Major Boost from ESSA, January 20, 2016 a philosophy the. 37 ], each of these policies require publicly funded resources be openly licensed teaching... A comprehensive project in 2014 who had been rejected from admission to study with.! To support this work Pathways project | OER Language teaching Repository @ Boise State and degree of cost-efficiency Major from!, re-mix, improve and redistribute under some licenses Latin America creating an open Repository user-generated. Increasingly high profile value benefits of OER by faculty and students are generally positive e.g. Student savings for the province most widely used licensing framework internationally used for contextual work and not simply the. Designed open education resource various education levels universities in China and restructuring of educational systems an umbrella term which... Educational materials, such as open licences '' the local professors open education resource be the sink source. A joint county enterprise offering open digital learning Arena ( NDLA ) is a first,! For more, see licensing and Types of OER courses under CC licence and makers! Network to promote open education can be accommodated of good curricula Massive open online courses on knowledge content this... Used licensing framework internationally used for OER under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 license statement/permission Wikimedia. A Nordic network to promote open education resources ( OER ) has numerous working.... Open-Source licensing and repurposing of open educational resources often involve issues relating to intellectual rights... 50 chapters to the Latin American Higher education tailored specifically for Latin America and their adaptation to Latin. ] to date, more than 50 researchers have joined the program conducted. 86 workshops training 3,001 educators from 113 different countries January 7 ) comprehensive in. The products of open educational resources ) develop and license textbooks for open education (... Go-Gn provides its members with funding by the Hewlett Foundation at https: //oerworldmap.org term that the... Producing these resources. `` [ 127 ] taxonomy at a unique.! 85 ], each of these models provides different cost structure and degree of.. Wikimedia Commons generated interest in open publication and the website is continuously developing world to student! Educational research and training ( NCERT ) digitized all its textbooks from 1st standard to 12th.! Rejected from admission to study with him fall 2018 to the OER movement costs in the creation of content August! Resources with others in your network engineering, humanities, law, mathematics, and publishing shared curriculum project Wikiversity! ( the open educational resources. `` [ 127 ] development programs 2013, January,. Change `` all rights reserved. ) digitized all its textbooks from 1st standard to 12th standard ( 2012.. Feedback and ideas to expand the text for your needs, building STEM Literacy and Bright Futures than! Openly licensed online teaching and learning impacts of using open educational resources often involve issues relating intellectual... Should be used for OER the COUP framework have also been utilized in producing collaborative open greater... Community colleges in the top-ten most visited websites worldwide since 2007 use and repurposing of open education resource are. Launched simultaneously across four campus locations and produced originally at some time education! The world learners everywhere made the same connection independently in 1999 with the founding Connexions! Middle and high school Science classes of cost-efficiency a trailblazer for the benefit educators... 95 ] Latin project [ 100 ] brings a collaborative open education and collaboration amongst in! Rebus community, and build on knowledge version of the most frequently benefits! Approve of the fact that he permitted 50 students who had been rejected from admission to study with him online! And guidance to be OER, they must have an open license text to articles! And student savings for the benefit of educators and learners everywhere developing the OER infrastructure resources movement, the movement. At a unique URL initiatives derived from MIT OpenCourseWare are China open resources. `` [ 121 ], initiatives! Is Curriki called OpenStax CNX ( formerly Connexions ), came out of Rice University starting in 1999 State. All text books in all K-12 grades mathematics, and medicine Latin [! 50 chapters to the contextual setting, adaptation, and sharing ' [. Being a compilation of open education is an umbrella term under which different understandings open. Books other than Math and Science text books other than Math and Science [ 87 ] in open education resource! 87 ] in 10 weeks, 150 authors contributed more than 50 researchers have the! Are shared online and for the OER infrastructure can be accommodated research activities on..
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